Sadržaj

Notes

The standard for Carduelis carduelis balcanica is the result of discussions with numerous ornithologists, breeders and bird-show judges, and is based primarily on the original scientific description of the subspecies. This standard arose from the need to establish a uniform basis for breeding C. c. balcanica, prompted by the large number and diversity of ‘small’ goldfinches exhibited at the international OrniSinj show. Motivated by the desire to preserve the biological diversity of our region, we hope that this standard will provide a sound foundation for future selective breeding.

In size, Carduelis c. balcanica corresponds to the nominate subspecies Carduelis carduelis carduelis (L.). Its principal distinction from the nominate subspecies is the duller, greyer coloration of all the ‘brown’ parts of the body. The brown back lacks the reddish tone characteristic of the nominate form and is instead slightly olive-grey. On the underside, Carduelis c. balcanica differs in having larger breast patches, more extensive coloration of the flanks and a more pronounced collar around the throat. Here too, the brown is not reddish-cinnamon as in Carduelis c. carduelis, but much darker and greyer, except for the collar below the neck, which is similarly pale and reddish-brown to that of the nominate form. Furthermore, balcanica is characterized by clean white areas: distinctly pure white in males and somewhat less clean, slightly greyish-white in females.

↑ Back to Contents

Carduelis carduelis balcanica

pic standard ccbalcanica 2026 en v02
BODY PARTDESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS
SHAPECompact and slender, yet somewhat stocky.
POSTUREUpright and active.
BILLWhitish-grey to muted pink (ivory-coloured), with a fairly long, dark tip. Its length must not detract from the bird’s overall proportions.
EYESDark brown.
HEADIn males, the lores and bristles at the base of the bill are black, and the carmine-red mask, with slight rounding, extends behind the eye. In females, the mask reaches only halfway across the eye and is more rounded, while the lores and bristles are greyish-brown. The cross-shaped marking on the crown, in the form of an inverted T, is a broad, deep-black band extending laterally and framing the white cheeks. In females, a less intense black cross-shaped marking on the head is tolerated.
NECKWhite, with a light-brown collar (narrow band) on the back of the neck (nape).
BACKBrown with a slight olive-grey tinge (chestnut-brown with a reddish tinge, as in the nominate subspecies, is not tolerated).
THROATThe red mask and white throat are well defined and clearly demarcated.
BREASTDull greyish-brown, with a smaller white, mushroom-shaped breast patch. The breast collar is pronounced, unbroken and clearly defined, but slightly lighter brown (with a reddish tinge, as in the nominate subspecies).
FLANKSBrown, clearly marked and well defined, extending to the rump. A suggestion of greyish-brown streaking on the flanks is preferred.
BELLYWhite.
WINGSThe primary flight feathers are black, with yellow on the outer webs in the middle; the outermost feather has no yellow coloration. The tips of the flight feathers have greyish-white terminal spots, while brownish-white is tolerated in females. In males, the shoulder coverts are black; in females, they are blackish-brown with an olive-green tinge.
TAILThe feathers are black; the two outer tail feathers have an elongated white spot on the inner web. Tail feathers have white terminal spots; the upper tail coverts are black with yellowish tips, and the undertail coverts are pale with beige tips.
LEGSLight brown.
CLAWSDark brown.

↑ Back to Contents

Typical faults

CHARACTERISTICS
1Incorrect length.
2Incorrect shape (excessively slender or excessively bulky; resembling the subspecies frigoris).
3Brown coloration without a greyish tone (chestnut-brown with a reddish tinge).
4Unclean white areas.
5Flanks absent or excessively pronounced.
6Mask poorly defined or insufficiently demarcated.
7White breast patch not clearly defined.
8Incorrect shading of the breast and flanks (the breast collar is not lighter than the rest of the breast patch, or there are black spots on the breast).
9Incorrect wing or tail markings.
10Incorrect colour of the nape band (intrusion of yellow into red feathers).

Technical note

When judging, particular attention should be paid to:

ZNAČAJKE
1Bird length (12–13 cm). Specimens which clearly belong to other subspecies on the basis of size (length and shape) (frigoris, parva or tschusii) should be declassified from the balcanica class.
2Greyish-brown coloration of the “brown” areas (back, breast and flanks).
3White areas (cheeks, breast patch and belly) should be as clean and pure white as possible, particularly in males.

↑ Back to Contents

ItemDescriptionIDEALSTARTMAX.
DesignDesign302729
01. Breast and flank designMarkings of the breast patch and flanks111011
02. Head designDesign of the mask and cross111011
03. Wing and tail designDistribution and shape of the yellow wing bar and white markings (spots) on wings and tail877
ColourColour302729
04. Head colourColour of the mask, cross, cheeks, lores and nape10910
05. Back, breast and flank colourBrown coloration of the back, flanks and breast, including the white breast patch and belly10910
06. Wing and tail colourColour of the wings, yellow wing bars and white markings (spots) on wings and tail877
07. Leg, claw and bill colourColour of the legs, claws and bill222
Format and sizeFormat and size201819
08. Length (12–13 cm)Length of the bird (12–13 cm)121011
09. ShapeOverall shape and proportions of the bird in relation to bill size888
PlumagePlumage10910
10. PlumagePlumage10910
Attitude, maintien & conditionAttitude, maintien & condition10910
11. Attitude, maintien & conditionAttitude, maintien & condition10910
Total1009095*
Important!

The maximum overall score of 95 points is not the sum of the maximum scores for the individual criteria.

↑ Back to Contents

Edition 1 – 17 October 2026

Prepared for OrniSinj by:

Davor Skejić
OMJ/COM Group D
ZOSH/HOS Groups D, G and H